Criminology Criminology s The Future - 1959 Words

Criminology in The Future By Adrian Gallardo CJS 231 Professor Christopher Bough January 18, 2016 Criminology in the Future Introduction Crime in the early ages was fought by very little resources because the technology was not as advance as it is now. In the early years police officer did not even have vehicles they had foot patrol then they moved on to motorcycles then to vehicles known as radio vehicles. Our criminal justice system is not stopping here they plan on making sure we have all the necessary tools to keep fighting crime and moving forward together to make this place a safer community to live in. The only reason we may not see a progress in the future of criminology is because at time†¦show more content†¦Some of the things included in the patriot act was to be able to tap phones better, sharing intelligence documents, knowing what was going on in the internet, and the most important was to know who came into our borders. Biometrics played a part in the screening process because it allowed us to help identify the terrorist. The military was given drones devices that could be used as surveillance so they knew when the attacks were coming before it happened. Law enforcement also has been given tools like robots that make an entrance into a residence before the actual police officers enter into the building to prevent them from getting killed. Theses are all technologies that have been advanced and will become strong in the future because the government is giving the criminal justice officials more tools than ever given before. Our local law enforcement has been trained for the unexpected things because of the tragic events this Country has been through. Before they did not have lap top in their vehicles, devices like GPS or even a black box that could track the miles per hour they where traveling at the time of an accident or even if the officer or agents were wearing a set belt. The black box inside of a police officers vehicle can save their life because if the officer is involved in a shooting and he does not know where he

Essay on Capital Punishment - 863 Words

Capital Punishment Capital punishment is the lawful infliction of the death penalty, and since ancient times, it has been used to punish a large variety of offenses. The penalty of death is reserved for the most serious and detested crimes. The legal system must sentence the death penalty to capital crime offenders. Criminals convicted of murder or rape need to be executed because they are dangerous to the world and the human race. However, America seems to to always want to put people in prison for life, but how is that fair to the criminals who did not commit such a horrible crime, but still gets the same punishment? The death penalty should be used more often, but is the death penalty the answer to crime? The death penalty is not†¦show more content†¦However, according to Stephen Nathanson, people would rather die than spend the rest of their lives in prison (Whittier 14). Despite these facts, capital punishment should still be enforced on more criminals. The death penalty was used in Bibli cal times for crimes such as kidnapping and witchcraft. Today most countries still use capital punishment for many crimes and with varying frequency. To stop the crime rate from rising, the United States must stop being soft-headed sentimentalists when it comes to penalizing offenders. The murder rate has risen to an enormous figure, and many of the offenders never get punished as the law says they shall be. The United States legal system must start treating criminals like criminals and not like family. We need to start getting tough with criminals. Letting the inmates have seven years on death row trying to change their sentence is crazy. If we would execute them within three years of their conviction, crime would slow down. Another area of concern is that administering capital punishment is inhumane, But that perception needs to change. The most common method of inflicting the death penalty is lethal injection which is when they take the convicted person to a room, strap them down and inject them with poisonous drugs. Electrocution is another common method. Florida, for instance uses Old Sparky, the electric chair (Mauro 17). Florida is the only state that still usesShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Enabling various Free Essays

It has brought people closer together by enabling various forms f interpersonal communication, notably e-mail, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social networking. And it has allowed consumers to purchase virtually anything at any time, while providing producers with direct access to a wide range of markets. Furthermore, the Internet Is a bustling industry, spurred by entrepreneurship and supported by a variety of Industries and large enterprises. We will write a custom essay sample on Enabling various or any similar topic only for you Order Now Online productivity tools and communications advancements provide benefits to almost all enterprises and governments. The Internet has helped governments to broaden their services to citizens and improve their delivery. In a very short period, it has become difficult for most of us to imagine a world without instant and continuous access to the Internet. Series in which we examined the Internet’s impact on a group of developing countries that have both the scale and the dynamism to become significant players on the global stage in the near future (see Online and upcoming: The Internet’s impact on aspiring countries, McKinney Company, January 2012). It also builds on our earlier assessment of the impact of the Internet on the advanced economies and several large developing economies, such as China, Brazil, Russia and India (see McKinney Global Institute, Internet matters: The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, Jobs, and prosperity, May 2011). As an ongoing body of work, our view of the Internet’s impact on India is evolving. The insights and conclusions presented in this report are refinements of our earlier multi-country work, based on an in-depth assessment of India-specific data and multiple expert interviews in India. As data sources improve and the body of knowledge relating to the Internet expands in India, we look forward to continue to evolve our perspectives. Our research focuses on the way the Internet affects Indian’s economy currently, and TTS potential to do so in future. In our attempt to understand the impact of the Internet, we focus on how economic growth and prosperity have been affected; we also seek to discover how individuals, entrepreneurs, enterprises, and public sector entities have been transformed. In addition to assessing the Internet landscape and its impact on the various groups of participants, we examine the potential for India to utilize the particular strengths of its economy to enable businesses and individuals to derive greater benefits from the Internet. We do not offer prescriptive policies, but Ochs on opportunities and possibilities for India to accelerate its efforts to capture the Internet’s benefits. This is an independent McKinney Company report that draws on various sources: research from Muckiness’s Technology, Media, and Telecoms Practice; information from academic and public sources; research conducted with Google; and work from the McKinney Global Institute (MGM’), the business and economics research arm of McKinney Company. Without the contributions of the academics and researchers who are cited throughout the report, our effort would not have been possible. To understand the trends in Internet activity in India versus other countries, we relied on several analytical approaches: (1) we constructed macroeconomic analyses for India, taking into account data related to Internet expenditure, Internet usage, the infrastructure, and various other environmental enablers of the Internet; (2) we conducted microanalyses of various Internet ecosystem participants and user groups, using publicly available data and interviews with company chief technology officers (Cots); (3) we surveyed about 550 small and medium-sized enterprises (Seems) in India; (4) we utilized data from Muckiness’s proprietary Digital Consumer surveys in India in 2010 and 2012; (5) we constructed a forward-looking view on the potential size of the Internet user base in India; and (6) we conducted thought experiments to behavior could shape the Internet landscape. To test our conclusions, we interviewed industry experts in India and asked academics to review our findings. As a result, we are confident that the findings are directionally robust, despite the challenges of limited data availability. However, there is a clear need to conduct further research ND analysis on the basis of enriched sets of data, given the growing importance of the Internet and its transformational impact. The project was led by Chanced Misbranding, a McKinney principal in Bangor, and Ann. Mammogram, a senior fellow at MGM’ in Iambi, along with Noshing Kaka, managing director of McKinney in India, James Monika, a McKinney and MGM’ director in San Francisco, Michael Chug, a senior fellow at MGM’ in San Francisco and Jacques Bugging, a McKinney director in Brussels. Malcolm Gomes managed the project team of Chums Gain, Million Speaker, and Emmanuel Thomas. We are grateful for the review, challenge and advice provided by our academic advisers for this research: we thank Martin N. Bally, the Bernard L. Schwartz Chair in Economic Policy Development at the Brooking Institution, and Rakes Moan, professor in the Practice of International Economics of Finance, School of Management, Yale University. We are also grateful for the insights of Raja Amanda, Betsy Massively, and Armament Sings at Google. The authors would like to acknowledge Muckiness’s researchers who made significant contributions to the fact base: Shirr Guppy from MGM’ Economics and Durum Vary from Muckiness research and information network. Finally, we offer special thanks to the industry experts we interviewed during this project. For their perspectives on the evolution of the Internet landscape in India we thank Sunnis Abraham, Director of the Centre for Internet and Society; Raja Katharine, Director and Chief Executive of ‘CRIER; Some Imitate, President of MASCOT; and Sub Ray, President of the Internet Mobile Association of India. For their insights into the Internet-related investments of their enterprises and the prospects for Internet innovation in India, we thank the many Cots and technology company executives we interviewed. All references to specific companies in this report come from public sources. Our aspiration is to provide facts and analyses to better understand some of the most important trends that are shaping the Internet in India. We hope our findings will enrich the dialogue about the ways that businesses, policy makers, and innovators can accelerate Indian’s Internet transformation. Principal, McKinney Company Bangor Senior Fellow, McKinney Global Institute Iambi Managing Director, India, McKinney Company Director, McKinney Company, and Director, McKinney Global Institute San Francisco San Francisco Jacques Bugging Director, McKinney Company Brussels 1 billion Internet users in 30 aspiring countries? half of the global tally of Internet users 120 million Internet users in India: the third largest user base in the world Across seven aspiring countries the average number of Internet users for every 100 people is 3410 compared to in India The average number of fixed broadband subscribers for every 100 people across the seven aspiring countries is 7 1 Our illustrative subset of seven of the â€Å"aspiring† countries, I. E. , Argentina, Brazil, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Africa, and Vietnam. 1. % average contribution of the Internet to GAP across all aspiring countries, versus in developed countries 3. 4% contribution of the Internet to Indian’s GAP, amounting to $30 billion $12 billion average estimated consumer surplus associated with Internet usage across the seven aspiring countries, versus $9 billion Average international bandwidth capacity for every 10,000 people across the seven aspiring 28 Mbps 6 Mbps Contents Executive summary Indian’s Internet landscape Economic impact of the Internet 18 Indian’s Internet ecosystem 25 Impact on principal user groups 29 A vision for broad-based Internet inclusion Appendix: Methodology and approaches Bibliography 53 The Internet today connects more than two billion people worldwide. The Internet already has immense impact on the global economy, contributing an estimated $1. 7 trillion, or Just under 3 percent, of global GAP in 2010. 1 Yet half the number of Internet users lives outside the advanced economies, often in countries that are quickly developing, have significant economic potential and are socially and culturally diverse. India has about 120 million people online today and offers a striking example of the Internet’s growth potential. India is adopting the Internet at a much more rapid pace than advanced economies and even many developing economies, yet 90 percent of its population is currently not connected. This report assesses the impact of the Internet on Indian’s economy, estimating its impact on GAP. Looking beyond that, we measure the Internet’s broader impact in terms of consumer surplus and the development of Internet ecosystems. We also look at the ways in which various participants have benefited from the Internet already. We measure Indian’s environment for e-commerce and entrepreneurship, and we analyze in detail the impact of the Internet on its small and medium-sized enterprises (Seems). Finally, we assess the potential for the future impact of the Internet and what it would take for India to bring this potential into being. As a basis for comparison, we use a set of 57 middle-income developing nations, and some populous but less-developed nations; these collectively constitute 91 percent of world GAP. Thirty of these countries are what we call â€Å"aspiring countries,† defined as having the scale and dynamism to fuel economic performance in the global economy while driving significant domestic Roth and offering prosperity to their own citizens. These aspiring countries have a collective GAP of $19 trillion, or 30 percent of global GAP. We focus our comparisons with India more closely on an illustrative subset of seven of the aspiring countries: Argentina, Brazil, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Africa and Vietnam. Of the set of more than 20 developed countries in our database, we focus our comparisons on five: Germany, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Our report offers seven key findings concerning the impact of and outlook for the Internet in India: 1. Indian’s base of about 120 million Internet users is currently the third-largest in the world. Though Indian’s users spend less time online per capita than users in developed countries, their pattern of online behavior is rapidly converging. The Internet’s role in communication, social networking, and informing and influencing Indian’s consumers in categories such as apparel, books, financial services, and travel is already comparable with that of developed countries. 2. India is likely to have the second-largest user base in the world, and the largest in arms of incremental growth, with 330 million to 370 million Internet users in 2015. Given current downward trends in the costs of Internet access and mobile devices, India is on the verge of an Internet boom. In an evolution pattern unique to India, users who access the Internet only through a mobile or tablet device will constitute around 75 percent of new users and 55 percent of the aggregate user base in 201 5, leading to increasing demand for content that is optimized for a small screen. . India has the potential to double its economic contribution from the Internet in the ext three years, from 1. 6 percent of GAP at present to 2. 8 to 3. 3 percent by 2015. Despite the large current base of users, the Internet currently contributes a modest 1. 6 percent to Indian’s GAP, in line with 1 For a detailed account of the Internet’s contribution to GAP in several developed and aspiring cou ntries, see Internet matters: The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, Jobs, and prosperity, McKinney Global Institute, May 2011. Most aspiring countries. This could grow to 2. 8 to 3. 3 percent by 201 5 if India achieves its potential for growth in the number of Internet users and Internet genealogy-related consumption and investment over this period, increasing the Internet’s contribution to GAP from $30 billion today to nearly $100 billion in 2015. This would make the Internet-related economy larger than the education sector and as large as the health care sector, in terms of share of GAP at present. Currently, Indian’s information and communication technology (ACT) exports are the most significant component of the Internet’s impact on GAP. But private consumption, 4. The impact of the Internet in India is constrained by current gaps and obstacles in the Internet ecosystem. While India scores well on the availability of human and financial capital, it rates poorly on Internet infrastructure, Internet engagement, the e-commerce platform, the ease of Internet entrepreneurship, and the impact of e-governance. On most indicators of the strength of the Internet ecosystem, India ranks in the bottom quartile of our comparison set of 57 countries. 5. Although the Internet ecosystem is becoming more vibrant, the benefits have been relatively concentrated. Indian’s Internet start-ups are scaling up through creative adaptations to overcome infrastructural and systemic bottlenecks. Yet, while large enterprises have gained from their early adoption of the Internet, there is scope among individual consumers, Seems and the government sector to significantly increase engagement. Today, Indian’s measurable consumer surplus from the Internet is estimated at $9 per user per month, at the low end of the range for aspiring countries ($9 to $26) and well below the range for developed countries ($18 to $28). Even by 201 5, with overall Internet penetration likely to reach 28 percent, rural penetration is likely to be Just 9 percent. 6. India can achieve broad-based Internet impact by aiming for the digital inclusion of nearly 40 percent of its population, to reach a user base of 500 million by 2015, rather than the likely target of 330 million to 370 million. Most of the additional 150 million to 160 million users would be individuals and small businesses in semi-urban and rural parts of the country. Extending Internet access to these segments of the population, and promoting the usage of many more online services, would enable India to derive much more of the intended benefits from government programs of inclusive growth in employment, education, health care, nutrition, and financial services. Concerted actions by policy makers and businesses in five areas can help India achieve an inclusive Internet transformation: reduce the cost of Internet access across devices, content and applications; increase access to low-cost, high-speed connectivity in rural and semi-urban India beyond the top cities; promote widespread digital literacy through the introduction of devices and content tailored to the local context; devise Internet applications in new areas such as agriculture, health care, education, energy, utilities, and public information; a nd create a more favorable business environment for Internet entrepreneurs to support rapid innovation. 1. Indian’s base of about 120 million Internet users is currently the third-largest in the world, and the pattern of online behavior is rapidly converging with that of users in more developed countries Indian’s large economy, with its young and increasingly urbanize consumer base, offers strong growth potential for Internet usage. Weak infrastructure has kept Indian’s Internet penetration low; at 10 percent, it is much lower than the average of 40 percent across aspiring countries. Even so, with about 120 million people online in 2011, India is the third-largest Internet user base in the oral. Internet users in India spend 20 to 25 hours online per month, about the same as their counterparts in Latin America, but only a quarter of the amount spent by those in Asia Pacific countries such as China and Malaysia. However, the time spent on the Internet per user in India rose 24 percent from 2010 to 2012; more online transactions and entertainment, grew more rapidly than reading and browsing. The share of Indian digital consumers who use online media for search, awareness, and research to purchase products is already high across multiple categories: in apparel (26 percent), travel (51 percent), books (36 percent), and uncial services (30 percent), the proportions are comparable with those in Germany, Japan and the United States. 2. India is on the verge of an Internet boom with a projected user base of 330 million to 370 million by 201 5, which will be the second largest in the world, and the largest in terms of incremental growth Indian’s current Internet user base of about 120 million is likely to nearly treble by 201 5, and will thereby account for approximately 12 percent of the global total (Exhibit El). The projected growth in Indian’s Internet users, an additional 230 million or so between 2011 and 2015, is likely to be the sights incremental growth in the world. In recent years, Indian’s rate of growth of Internet users has been faster than that of many aspiring countries?for example, Malaysia’s Internet user base grew 1. 8 times from 2005 to 2011, and South Africans grew 1. 9 times, while Indian’s grew more than 5 times. Indian’s Internet revolution is being shaped by telecoms players’ strategies to reduce cost of access. Smartened costs are falling rapidly as players achieve scale economies, while the proliferation of G/G services in India is likely to reduce connectivity costs and overcome the challenge of limited fixed-line connections. As a result, nearly 75 percent of new users and more than half of Indian’s base of Internet users in 2015 is likely to be mobile-only subscribers who will use Internet-enabled devices. By contrast, mobile-only users are likely to constitute a mere 10 to 15 percent of the market in Indian’s regional counterparts, China and Malaysia. Indian’s Internet market is therefore likely to require a unique approach to content and application design. Mobile-based users will demand limited textual content and more audio-visual content because of the small screen size of their devices. Furthermore, it will become essential for entrepreneurs and innovators to make their applications or services compatible for users with a basic mobile device, in order to target those in the rural population who might not be able to afford a sophisticated smartened. How to cite Enabling various, Papers

Addiction to Drugs

Question: Discuss the causes of drug addiction, solutions for drug addiction, treatment of drug addiction. Answer: Introduction: Drug Addiction has become one of the serious problems that are cropping up in todays world. These days drugs are been freely used and this has become an international problem. Today every country is not secured from the hazards of drug abuse. Mostly it is noticed that the younger generation fall in this trap and gets addicted. In India, the number of drug intake is increasing day by day at an alarming rate. The urban centers are mostly found abused with drug addicts. Causes of Drug Addiction: There are various causes which leads to drug addiction among youths and others. Social excommunication, desire for pleasure, curiosities, mental gap, spiritual speech, lack of self reliance can be clubbed as some of the reasons of the youth becoming a drug addict. It is the youth that we will depend on for the future so it is imperative to see such huge victims of drug addiction. It is always the psychological and emotional environment of an individual that is socially responsible for causing drug addiction among the youth. If they are ensured with proper love and care then such floating situations will not arise (Drug free therapy makes addicts forget addiction, 2012). Solutions for Drug Addiction: There is a necessity to generate social awareness and consciousness through proper educational system about the dangerous hazards related to drug addiction. Rehabilitation has become a major problem for the young drug addicts. The persons who can overcome from the side effects of taking drugs can also tutor the other young drug addicts too. It is necessary to form a healthy environment where all the needs of the youth can be reframed and put together so that people dont fall into such a hazardous trap of taking drugs as a necessity (Diabetes drug could treat illicit drug addiction, 2012). It is also necessary to check the production of opium and other drugs and bring them under vigilance. Treatment of Drug Addiction: Various medical processes can be initiated and can be used for the treatment of drugs. There are several side effects and symptoms that can be seen as a part of physical troubles faced by the individual. By the method of detoxification and if he is properly treated then the individual regains back his normalcy gradually. Even the members of the family needs to be well behaved with him when the patient will be under treatment. There must be cooperation from his friends and society as well so that he does not feel detached from his own environment (The social value of drug addicts: uses of the useless, 2014). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that drug addiction is posing a serious threat to the world as a whole. Therefore it is the sole responsibility of the individuals living in the country to make it a drug free society to live in. It is also adhered that the government must play a major role to systematically approve the methods of drug abuse and spread it all over so that people are aware about the disadvantages of taking drugs. References Diabetes drug could treat illicit drug addiction. (2012).Springer Healthcare News, 1(1). Drug free therapy makes addicts forget addiction. (2012).New Scientist, 214(2861), p.17. Islam, (2012). Improved treatment of nicotine addiction and emerging pulmonary drug delivery.Drug Discov Ther. The social value of drug addicts: uses of the useless. (2014).Choice Reviews Online, 51(11), pp.51-6473-51-6473.

Understanding the Creator of all Things

Introduction Does God exist? If He does, is He the God of the Bible, Islam, or Mormonism? Discussions of whether God exists and/or whether the world was created or made from some scientifically explainable processes have continued over the years.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding the Creator of all Things specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Religious leaders, naturalists, scientists, philosophers, politicians, and atheists have given their views about the existence of God. However, there is enough evidence in science, spirituality, and material elements that prove God’s existence. Both science and philosophy have proven the existence of a supreme being that ordered the creation beyond human understanding. Moreover, despite the many ‘gods’ that exist in the religious arena, philosophical and scientific evidence indicates that the biblical God is the true God. This paper seeks to explore the topic of understanding the creator of all things. The aim is to confirm that the biblical God is the true deity. Evidence of God’s Existence Complexity of the Universe and its Continued Existence According to Bialecki, various philosophical, scientific, and religious facts indicate that God exists1. Every monotheistic religion believes in a certain supernatural being. Although the names that are accorded to such a being vary by religion, God’s powers in most religions are almost similar. God guides morality and order in virtually all religions. According to Bialecki, analysis of the universe indicates that its perfectness and complexity must have a force that triggered its existence2. The size of the earth appears to have been well calculated to function over the years. The fact that the earth has a self-regulating gravitational pull that extends only 50 miles above the surface is another indicator of a work of a perfect designer. The earth forms a satis factory self-regulating habitat for living things. It has oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen gas for their use. The perfectness of how the earth is designed brings people to the fact that if the earth were disorderly, the atmosphere would be smaller or bigger, a situation that would trigger the balance that has been witnessed since time immemorial. Bialecki reveals how the composition of gases on earth is well calculated to sustain life3. The other evidence that shows that there is a designer behind the earth’s perfectness is the distance between the earth and the sun. This distance enables temperatures around the earth to be life sustaining.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such temperature differences range approximately from negative 30 and positive 120 degrees. What is amazing is that if the earth were further from the sun, temperatures would be lower. Th e moon’s position ensures that ocean tides are continuous with no stagnation. Since there is no valid scientific process that has been confirmed to trigger the formation of the complex universe, scholars have concurred on the existence of a supernatural being who must be responsible for this mystery. The Universal Nature of Water The nature and reliability of water by all living things in the world is another indicator a mysterious force that triggered the creation of the universe and everything that is found in it. Water is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless substance that is universal in many processes. According to Clanton, the fact that all living things have water as a major component of their bodies is a sufficient proof that God was at the center of this designing4. This solvent enables living things to exist in a range of weather conditions. Minerals, chemicals, and nutrients that are required by human beings, animals, and plants are transported through water. Accor ding to Warfield, the surface tension of water also signifies the existence of God5. For example, water is able to move upstream in a plant from the roots to the leaves. Water is also created in a way that it freezes from the top in cold places such as the Arctic. Freezing from the top surface ensures that aquatic creatures can continue to survive even when temperatures are very low. The water that evaporates moves up to the atmosphere and cools to form rains that drop on the surface of the earth to ensure continuity of life. This observation means that water moves around the world in a cyclic way. The Structure of the Human Brain is beyond Science and Philosophical Explanations The human brain is designed in a way that science and philosophy have failed to explain fully. The brain is able to do multiple activities at the same time. For example, it can detect and distinguish temperatures, colors, pressure, smell, and even texture.Advertising We will write a custom research pape r sample on Understanding the Creator of all Things specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The brain orders the rest of the body to respond in a particular way in different situations. The human brain is designed as self-regulating factory that is in charge of its internal and external environment. The brain regulates the number of times that a person needs to take in air, the movement of body structures, the voice produced, the sitting posture, and all activities that bodies do with people’s little concern. Mion asserts that the fact that an individual’s intelligence can interpret millions of facts every minute is beyond understanding6. It can select important things from what is unimportant to an individual. The intelligence factor in a brain shows the work of a creator. This unique intelligence cannot have resulted from some energy or light banging, but from God (Mion, 2012). Evolution Explains Changes in Living Things, but Fails to Explain their Origin The evolution theory by Charles Darwin that has been relied upon by scientists to explain the origin and evolution of life has completely failed to explain origin of life. Darwinism explains the changes that occur in animals, plants, and human beings because of mutation, natural selection, use and disuse, and other factors. However, evolution has no answer to the origin of the life forms that it claims to be evolving. For example, if human beings originated from apes, evolution cannot reveal who created the apes. If the claim by evolution that birds originated from reptiles is true, it cannot justify who created them in the initial stage. Living and non-living things cannot exist from nowhere and start responding to changes in their immediate environment. In addition, Mion asserts that scientific theories fail to explain how non-living things such as stones, seabed, and bedrocks were created7. They do not reveal the origin of their raw materials. This observation leaves an important gap to be filled. The adaptation of living things for survival and mutual coexistence shows a force or being that is behind their design. For example, the fact that a bee has structures that are adapted to suck nectar from flowers and other structures that carry pollen grains that fertilize the next flower they attend is amazing. This ensures continuity of the plants that the bee and its offspring will depend on for food in coming days. The adaptation of various animals and plants to survival in harsh weather conditions without dying shows the work of an intelligent creator.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, a fish can live in water all its days but dies immediately it is pulled out of water. Besides, certain plants such as the cactus are able to survive in the scorching sun of the deserts. It is undoubtedly that God is behind these mysterious observations Geographical Distribution of Flora and Fauna Evidence of existence of creatures that have similar bodies and DNA composition in far and different continents is an indicator of the work of a creator. For example, there are plants and animals in Asia that are found only in South America. The distance between the two continents and the absence of such creatures in the in-between land and water goes beyond scientific and geographical explanations. For example, there are cabbage and tree varieties that are found in India and South America only. This observation cannot be attributed to the effect of continental drifts. If this effect were the cause, similar plants would have been found in the continents and islands that lie in between. Similarity in color and structure of many living creatures in Africa relative to those of South America also indicates the work of a creator. Moreover, all human beings, white or black, have similar body structures and functions. For example, a white man in Carolina can donate blood to a black man in India if their blood groups are similar. If evolution theory were true, people in different continents would be different due to changes in their environment. However, human beings from different continents can communicate and reason together. These pointers indicate the existence of a creator who ordered and organized all these activities to happen. The Origin of the Earth Science continues to depend on the ‘big bang’ theory that explains how the universe was started by one bang of energy and light from an unknown origin. According to this theory, this bang and explosion that resulted formed different life forms, space, air, sky, non-living things, and everything that is in the world. Bombarding of energy can result in some chemical reactions. However, this bombarding fails to explain how such an explosion resulted in the formation of different lives. If it were true, every bomb that explodes in Palestine, as Palestinians fight with Israel, would be resulting in some form of life. On the contrary, explosion of such bombs results in the destruction of life. It is also beyond scientific explanations to justify the origin of materials that formed the light that contributed in the bang, the origin of the forces that led to the explosion, and the origin of the materials that made different life forms after the big bang explosion. How can an explosion generate a human being, a plant, consumable gases, the sky, the soil, or an animal? If explosions were to be responsible, scientists would then be using such forces to develop new life forms. Who then distributed these life forms in such a well-calculated effort of placing every life form in its best adapted environment? Vanhoozer’s work offers a clear answer to this question8 Can the big bang forces be intelligent enough to know the qualities, structures, and adaptations of creatures that originated from it for these creatures would be positioned only in their best-suited environments? Would the big bang divide gases and the force of gravity in a way to ensure that the gases that are important for survival of living things remain within their reach. According to Bray, the origin of creation indicates that a creator was present9. The preciseness of the order of creation shows beyond reason the masterwork of a creator. The Laws of Nature Control the World According to Clanton, the laws of nature are also beyond scientific and philosophical explanations10. For example, the earth will revolve round the sun in specific number of days. The gravitational pull of the earth remains consistent. Besides, time remains consistent in a typical day. The whole universe is a sphere that obeys rules on the number of revolutions and rotations that it makes. In addition, the earth follows a certain path that is designated for that specific purpose. Unfortunately, if it were to get out of the path, everything in it would collapse. Who orders these rules? Who ensures that the rules are followed since the earth came into being? Scientific logic cannot account for the precise nature of these activities of the world.  Logic holds that the world is not a thinking being that will use its brain to regulate the activities that take place in it. The power to control gravity, the distance between the earth and the sun, and/or to ensure that nothing falls, despite its rotation, is astonishing. The order in the universe is beyond a coincidence of things that just happen and/or continue to happen ever since its creation. Scientists have acknowledged that nature is mysterious and that it is organized in a mathematical way. The only thing that scientists do is to prove the mystery using numbers. For example, they prove that the speed of light is the same in every part of the world. They calculate the number of evolutions that the world makes in a year and/or the distance between the earth and the moon. However, they do not prove their origin. The laws of human and animal reproduction to ensure continuity of generation are also beyond science. In fact, the mystery of how the first creature emerged indicates that there was a creator. The DNA Coding and Instruction System The presence of DNA that instructs billions of cells in living things to undertake various activities and/or behave in a certain way indicates presence of God. The DNA is the instruction manual that has to be adhered to by the body cells. For example, the DNA has certain codes that are designed for specific factors. The codes are abbreviated as A, T, G, and C by human scientists. These specific codes are very precise in their operations. This manual defines a creature and its adaptability, beh avior, and temperaments. Every cell of a human being contains billions of these codes. These DNA codes give instructions to the cell at well calculated times. They instruct on how the body will grow at all times. Science is lacking on explanation of how such DNA chemicals, which have the ability to give instructions, are grouped together in a single cell. The intelligence of the cell to give the correct information to the rest of the body is also beyond the scientific logic as Van Til asserts11. The DNA is programmed like a computer. Besides being self-regulating, it gives information according to the codes. The question of who programs these strands in such a coordinated way brings in the aspect of a creator. The Origin of Life and Death According to Gebauer, Berlin, and Maio, the fact that science cannot explain the origin of life or the indispensable component of life (cell) also calls for the attention of a super creator12. Scientists and doctors can carry out maintenance functi ons of life, but they cannot create it. The puzzle of death has been referred to as a mystery by all scientists. Logic cannot explain the way of death, its value, and the consequence of death to a dying creature. Scientists have tried to develop sophisticated machines that can support life, but they have never found the means to create life. Life humbles the doctors to accept the existence of a force that is far beyond their knowledge and ability13. If science were able, people would never die. In fact, the inability to sustain life stems from people’s inability to create it. The factor that erodes or the mechanism that puts a halt to the human life remains a puzzle to scientists of the world.  The presence and emergence of diseases that have no cure is another puzzle to the scientific world. Scientists have spent days and nights in efforts to discover and develop medicine for diseases such as Ebola, HIV/AIDS, and cancer. However, despite the billions of money that have bee n invested by the world in fighting diseases, new diseases will still emerge to threaten people’s existence. The fact that senior scientists are dying out of Ebola in the western part of Africa and in America indicates a force that is beyond the very science they adore. The composition of the killer material and its origin again goes beyond science. God proves his ability by taking lives that scientists are determined to defend. This observation is evidence that there is some power that is beyond the human understanding. The fact that human cells grow and become dysfunctional at old age is also a mystery. Why do people die at old age? Why has science not been able to prevent old age and/or death that results from it? All human beings look forward to growing old and eventually dying. If science and philosophy had the power to stop growth towards old age, great scientists such as Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, and Christian Bernard would not have died. The fact that scientist s who discover so much in the field of medicine end up dying is mysterious. How does someone end up dying, despite his or her ability to invent heart transplant surgery? This puzzle brings the aspect of a powerful creator who controls what is to exist, what is to die, and the general order of things in the world. Atheists have Failed to Disapprove God’s Existence Although atheists from across the world believe that there is no God, the above discussion lays bare evidences of a God of creation. Kraay and Dragos affirm that atheists believe that there is no god or God14. They have devised arguments that different gods, which are worshiped by world religions such as Islam, Buddhist, Hindu, and other religions, are fallacious. Efforts to prove that there is no god in the world has made them defend their claims over the years. The arguments behind their believe is that the God who is depicted in the old testament of the Bible and the Quran accept rape, genocides, murder, incest, a dultery, and other social evils. Atheists will quote a section of the Old Testament that is adored by both Christians and Muslims in discrediting their God.  Since atheists have no god or God to defend, their efforts are geared towards discrediting the gods who are worshipped by believers in supernatural beings. For example, they will ask why god is so violent and/or why he would be so brutal to kill more people than Satan has killed in the recorded history of the Bible. This position is developed from biblical records in the Old Testament. In addition, they also prevail on believers to explain why their God who they depict as being so good, generous, and humble punishes his own people with everlasting fire for their sins. To them, if God were as good as Christians depict, he would have forgiven all or controlled how they behave so that they do not sin. However, the fact is that even a father who loves his children so much goes on to punish them when they go against his orders. Th erefore, God is justified to punish people who go against his authority. Arguments by those who believe in the existence of a creator of all things are also untrue to atheists who question why the creator cannot control morality. According to atheists, there is no need of a religion or God to control morality. Atheists believe that morality is natural and that people are moral or immoral due to their fear of punishment or lack of that fear. To counter the arguments of believers, atheists claim that most of the immoral activities such as sodomy, lesbianism, murder, and corruption are done by astute openly publicized believers such as pastors, priests, and even bishops. However, the fact that God gives people the authority to regulate their behavior does not discredit his existence. Atheists also fail to prove their creator, saying that the creation issue is beyond their understanding. Atheists also use scientific facts that have been discredited in this discussion to prove that thing s just happened naturally. For example, they will rely on the big bang theory in explaining the origin of the earth and the evolution theory in explaining changes in living things. However, these theories start at a certain point, thus leaving learners afloat. Who would have created these forces? Can something originate from nothing? According to Helseth, Craig, Highfield, and Boyd, this puzzle discredits any argument that does not uphold the existence of a creator15. Therefore, it is imperative that a creator of all creation exists. This discussion has proven so using science, philosophy, and religion. Why the Biblical God is the True God If God of all creation exists as discussed above, one would ask, ‘who is he?’ Which religion in the world believes in this God? Debate concerning the true and untrue God persists in the religious world. Although atheists try to prove that there is no God, most of the people in the world believe in a supernatural being as Feinberg obse rves16. Kraay and Dragos affirm that various believers in supernatural being have collided and even fought in an effort to prove that their God is true as they discredit that of others17. For example, there have been bloody battles between Christians and Muslims over beliefs and places of worship. Scholars have questioned the status of later days if there is a God since regions crop up every day. For example, if there will be heaven and that Christianity is the true religion where will the Muslims, Hindu, and Buddhist go? However, a true God who created the world exists. This section confirms that the God of Christianity is the true God of all creation. Revelation of Jesus Christ God has revealed Himself in Christianity in a more explicit way through Jesus Christ than in any other religion. Other religions identify the key personalities who ever existed as forecasters such as seer Buddha or Mohammad. However, in Christianity, the key personality in worship (Jesus Christ) identified Himself as God. The earlier revealed seers did not liken themselves to God. However, in several instances, Jesus Christ claimed to be God. This uniqueness separates him from these other prophets. Jesus claimed to be God in trinity where He is joined together with His father in Heaven. Jesus even went ahead to prove that He was God by exemplifying the attributes of God. For example, he raised several people from death, He healed the sick (New International Version Mark 1:34; Matt 8:13), He authorized nature like wind, He walked on water, and claimed to be the only connection between man and God. None of the other prophets in any other religion raised people from death, commanded nature, or even rise from death as McCormack confirms18. This observation is an indication that the God that Christians pray is the true God. He is a God who can give life that science has failed to understand. Foundations of Christianity Christianity is founded on Judeo-Christian beliefs. In explaining the o rigin of the universe in Judeo-Christian, Froese and Bader confirm that only God can create it19. Compared to Hinduism and other religions that base their foundation on science, the big bang explosion did it. However, there has been lack of evidence in the oscillatory theory of how explosions happen. This gap declares the Judeo-Christian way believable. The gap between science and Christianity is narrower compared to the gap between science and Quran. For example, the Quran teaches that God created seven heavens and then separated them. As Charnock reveals, Christians believe that God created the universe, one thing at a time20. Muslims believe that God created the universe and then placed mountains to make it stable. On the other hand, Christians believe that God created the world and then caused Mountains to rise from it. This position is closer to the scientific proof of volcanoes and eruptions. Depiction of wind, currents, and sea creatures by the Bible long before science disco vered them is a further proof that the Christian God is true. Conclusion There is enough evidence to show that God of all creation exists. Christians have been able to prove that the God of creation is their God through Jesus Christ. Such evidence ranges from the complexity of the universe and its continued existence, the universal nature of water, the structure of the human brain, failure of evolution to explain earth’s origin, the geographical distribution of flora and fauna, natural laws, DNA, death and life, and failure of atheists to disapprove God. Bibliography Bialecki, Jon. â€Å"Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism? On Tanya Lurhmann’s When God Talks Back and Bruno Latour.† Anthropology of Consciousness 25, no.1 (Mar 2014): 32-52. Bray, Gerald. The Doctrine of God. Downers Grove. Nottingham: InterVarsity Press, 1993. Charnock, Stephen. The Existence and Attributes of God. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1979. Clanton, Caleb. â€Å"The Structure of C. S. Peirce’s Neglected Argument for the Reality of God: A Critical Assessment.† Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 50, no.2 (June 2014): 175-200. Feinberg, John. No One Like Him. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2001. Froese, Paul, and Christopher Bader. America’s Four Gods. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010. Helseth, Paul, William Craig, Ron Highfield, and Gregory Boyd. Four Views on Divine Providence. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011. Gebauer, Jochem, Humboldt-Università ¤t Berlin, and Gregory Maio. â€Å"The Need to Belong Can Motivate Belief in God.† Journal of Personality 80, no.2 (May 2012): 465-501. Kraay, Klaas, and Chris Dragos. â€Å"On preferring God’s non-existence.† Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43, no. 2(Aug 2013): 157-178. McCormack, Bruce. Engaging the Doctrine of God: Contemporary Protestant Perspectives. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008. Mion, Giovanni. â€Å"God, ignorance and existence.† International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 72, no. 2(Jan 2012): 85-88. Van Til, Cornelius. In Defense of the Faith. Phillipsburg, NJ: P R Publishing, 2008. Vanhoozer, Kevin. Nothing Greater, Nothing Better: Theological Essays on the Love of God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001. Warfield, Benjamin. Biblical and Theological Studies. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian Reformed Pub Co, 1952. Footnotes 1 Jon Bialecki, â€Å"Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism? On Tanya Lurhmann’s When God Talks Back and Bruno Latour,† Anthropology of Consciousness 25, no.1 (Mar 2014): 32. 2 Ibid, 34. 3 Bialecki, â€Å"Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism?†, 34. 4 Caleb Clanton, â€Å"The Structure of C. S. Peirce’s Neglected Argument for the Reality of God: A Critical Assessment,† Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 50, no.2 (June 2014): 175. 5 Benjamin Warfield, Biblical and Theological Studies (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian Reformed Pub Co, 1952), 64. 6 Giovan ni Mion, â€Å"God, ignorance and existence†, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 72, no. 2(Jan 2012): 85. 7 Mion, â€Å"God, ignorance and existence†, 87. 8 Kevin Vanhoozer, Nothing Greater, Nothing Better: Theological Essays on the Love of God (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), 17. 9 Gerald Bray, The Doctrine of God. Downers Grove (Nottingham: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 43. 10 Clanton, 178. 11 Cornelius Van Til, In Defense of the Faith (Phillipsburg, NJ: P R Publishing, 2008) 62. 12 Jochem Gebauer, Humboldt-Università ¤t Berlin and Gregory Maio, â€Å"The Need to Belong Can Motivate Belief in God,† Journal of Personality 80, no.2 (May 2012): 468. 13 Bray, The Doctrine of God. Downers Grove, 52. 14 Klaas Kraay, and Chris Dragos, â€Å"On preferring God’s non-existence,† Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43, no. 2(Aug 2013): 158. 15 Paul Helseth, William Craig, Ron Highfield, and Gregory Boyd, Four Views on Divine Providence (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011), 18. 16 , John Feinberg, No One Like Him (Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2001), 12. 17 Kraay and Dragos, â€Å"On preferring God’s non-existence,† 160. 18 Bruce McCormack, Engaging the Doctrine of God: Contemporary Protestant Perspectives (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008) 36. 19 Paul Froese and Christopher Bader, America’s Four Gods (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010), 46. 20 Stephen Charnock, The Existence and Attributes of God (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1979), 15. This research paper on Understanding the Creator of all Things was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Culture Affects Crime †Sociology Essay

How Culture Affects Crime – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers How Culture Affects Crime Sociology Essay First of all what is culture? Culture in my opinion is a set of moral codes or unspoken norms that color the general landscape of society or community life, and by a dictionary definition it is the â€Å"the attitudes and values which inform a society† We can start to understand or analyze what affect culture has on crime by examining the evidence compiled by the Chicago school of sociology. This study by the Chicago school of sociology involved â€Å"a programme of participant observation† after which they stated that â€Å"street gangs provided the main community for young offenders† this could be because a street gang possibly provides attainable goals or a moral handy-cap which young males can identify with (opposed to normal 9 to 5 living which to them seems a world away). The strength in this claim is that they had an inside look at how a gang perceives the community they live in and how their definition of crime is changed. Although this evidence does appear to be irrefutable, were the accounts of crime glamorized by the gang members in order to gain credibility or to appear completely subversive to all normal social behavior? In order to gain a whole picture you must also examine the economic situation of the youths in question. In trying to gauge this The Chicago School of Sociology Researchers collected quantitative data in regards to how and where young offenders lived. Most of the data pointed towards young males living in areas of disrepair with low rents, high unemployment rates and a high turnover of the population, all of this combined with a lack of policing and, no apparent, governmental intervention (poor amenities and public services) created a hotbed for gangs and sub-cultures to emerge (these areas are badged â€Å"zones of transition†). This also begs the question are all young males living in so called â€Å"zones of transition† destined to end up in a street gang?. Research Papers on How Culture Affects Crime - Sociology EssayThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part OneWhere Wild and West Meet

Ethical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical - Assignment Example This shows how valuable the managers are in ensuring that the needs of the stakeholders are met, and ensuring the success of the organization. The major conflict that can occur between the shareholder and the manager is agency conflict. When the manager is employed to take responsibility of leading the company, what is created between him and the shareholders is what is referred to as an agency relationship (Wijesekera, hubpages.com). The manager performs many duties, but delegates the authority of making decisions to the shareholder although he may also hold a small percentage of capital shares in the company. The shareholders are much separated from the management; they have little time to monitor the operation of the company, and cannot have an opportunity to fully assess whether the manager is acting in the best interest of the shareholders. Agency conflict occurs when there is conflict of interest between the manager and the shareholder. The shareholder may want to invest on a long term project, while the manager wants to make short term projects. He may be tempted to go on with this plan without necessarily informing the shareholder, because he has the capacity to run the company affairs. Wijesekera informs that the manager may be motivated to award himself and the staff better working terms and conditions (hubpages.com). The issue of managers holding back some information from the shareholders is unethical according to the business code of conduct. Company managers are always on a much better informed position on matters regarding the company than the shareholders, and while they have bigger opportunities to make the company progress with lots of profits and making successful ventures, they also have the chance of making the company fail; this is because they have much information than any other person in the firms (Gayle and Miller 2). A manager therefore stands a chance of deciding what to reveal and what not to. The opportunity granted makes the

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Operation management - Essay Example This research deals with the operation management issues at Wal-Mart. The organization implemented several unique strategies in the business operation processes in order to gain competitive advantages. A primary data collection process has been adopted in this study to understand the view of the respondents who have participated in the interview process. Managers, employees and customers of Walmart have been chosen as the respondents. The respondents discussed about several reasons behind the growing operational management issues in Walmart. The report has analyzed each and every response that is gathered during the data collection process. Finally, some recommendation plans have been proposed for the operation management team of Walmart in order to improve the present scenario. Introduction Wal-Mart is one of the leading retail giants across the globe and is regarded as one of the most valued businesses in the world. The highly efficient performance of the company is mainly driven b y its state-of the art operations management and logistics system. The retail industry is a highly concentrated industry with a number of major players like Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Home Depot, Royal Ahold N.V., Metro etc. Wal-Mart has established itself as a market leader in the industry. The companies can be classified as market qualifiers and the market order winners based on the strategic perspective. The market order winners are those companies that are clearly distinguishable from the competitor companies and have more potential to be chosen as the source of buying by the consumers. The market qualifiers are those companies which have the minimum requirements to be considered as a potential source of buying by the customers. The factors driving the capabilities of a business as a market qualifier or a market order winner are given below. (Source: Kapner 51) Clearly, Wal-Mart is a market order winner because of the high quality, service and operational processes used in the busines s. The company has a robust technology system to forecast demand, supply, determine optimum inventory levels, determine efficient transportation routes and maintain customer relations efficiently. The efficient operations management in Wal-Mart has benefited the company in many ways like keeping the product cost low, reduced storage costs, ability to maintain a variety of stock and providing it at a competitive pricing. Wal-Mart continuously monitors and improves its technology so that all its operational systems function as per the demand and it does not lose out on even a single customer by not providing the right product at the right time and at the right place. The operations strategy of the company is particularly critical in driving the success of Wal-Mart as an established market order winner and is represented in Appendix 1. The main objective of the study is to find out the different operational and strategic issues faced by the operations manager in Wal-Mart. Other objecti ves are to find out the process of operations management and service delivery in the organization. Operational Issues The operations management of Wal-Mart is much superior as compared to the other players in the industry. The company has established an efficient supply chain thereby delivering excellent service quality to

Social Issues and Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Issues and Friendship - Essay Example We promised each other we would talk every day keep up on each other’s lives and try as much to convince our parents to allow us to visit each other over the holidays. It all seemed easy enough and our friendship was going to last forever. Little did we know fate had completely different paths for us. Ideally, Melanie and her family were supposed to come back after two years once her mother’s work contract was over. But once those two years were over, they did not return and by then I was headed to college. We tried to keep in touch but it proved challenging as I was overwhelmed with studies and extra-curricular activities. We had not managed to visit each other during the two years and she seemed to also be busy with college. Then one day she called me out of the blue insisting that she wanted us to meet and she would be in town over the weekend. I was too excited to hear from her that I did not ask any questions, I simply asked for a place and time and looked forward to our reconnecting. Two days before our meeting, I sat in a Statistics class too distracted to pay attention. All I could do was imagine how our meeting would go, how she would make fun of my short hair. I wondered what she had done with hers, we always wanted to color our hairs something crazy while in coll ege but I had stopped wanting that. The lecturer disrupted my thoughts as he called out my name. I raised my head up from the scribbling I was doing on my notebook to respond. Next to the lecturer were these two men who wanted to talk me outside the classroom. I walked out grateful for a chance to walk out as I felt I was not being productive in the class. Once outside, I got the most shocking news of my life and up to this day, I still have trouble coming to terms with what the two men told me.

Ethics of Gene Mapping for Personalized Treatment

Ethics of Gene Mapping for Personalized Treatment There are many concerns about the future of the use of gene mapping for the personalisation of medicine. Whilst there are many benefits to the use of genetic testing to allow a more precise diagnosis and tailored treatments for various illnesses there is a risk of the information being abused to harm the patients. The information could be used to harm the patient’s future career prospects or lead to an increase in premiums for health insurance, possibly even an outright denial of coverage. However the US government has introduced legislation to protect the rights of the people and the concerns are outweighed by the benefits to the patient’s quality of life in terms of medical care. Introduction Mainstream medicine’s always had the differential diagnosis of patients decided primarily by generalisations made from a population of patients suffering from similar symptoms. The treatment is then found by knowledge acquired by research done over the entire population of people with similar symptoms(Torrey2013). The personalisation of medicine aims to have diagnosis and treatment tailored to patients to ensure they receive the best quality care possible. This will be done by the studying of their genetic framework to find out early if they have the genes for certain diseases. However, whilst it’ll be beneficial to the treatment of the patient, this has some ethical implications which this paper will aim to discuss throughout this paper and present a balanced argument to each concern as well as coming to a clear conclusion as to whether the benefits outweigh the ethical issues Method Relevant papers were found using medical journal databases subscribed to by both the University of Exeter and the University of Plymouth, the Google Scholar search engine, the BMJ, the NICE database for statistics and MEDLINE(PubMed). I also used Google to find relevant news articles relevant to my case to ensure I included public opinion as well as my own. The key words and phrases I used to search online for papers were various combinations of; â€Å"genes†, â€Å"gene mapping†, â€Å"personalized treatment†, â€Å"discrimination†, â€Å"cost to† and â€Å"NHS†. I then narrowed my search to recent papers and news articles that were relevant to both the United Kingdom and the United States. Discussion What is gene mapping and how can it be used to personalize treatment? The Human Genome Project mapped the approximately 25,000 human genes, determining what genes exist in human DNA and what their roles are in a healthy human being. Knowledge of what those genes look and behave like when they’re normal means that they can be compared with the genes of patients with medical problems to determine whether those patients genes are abnormal(Haga2009). Gene mapping is the process of finding the locations of genes on the chromosomes of patients(Haga2009). It used to be done by a process called linkage analysis, where the closer two genes are to each other, the more likely that they’ll be inherited together(U.S. National Library of Medicine ®2013). From this, patterns can be found, which can be used to determine their location on the chromosome(U.S. National Library of Medicine ®2013). The more modern approach is by the use of small tags achieved by two methods. The first is by the use of genetic markers such as the products of a Polymerase Chain Reaction, where single piece of DNA can be amplified by the production of up to millions of copies of the DNA fragment(Bartlett Stirling2003). The second method is by use of enzymes specialised to bind to and cut very specific areas of DNA called restriction enzymes. The resulting fragments are separated by the process of electrophoresis and overlaps in the genetic information called contigs can be used to find consensus sequences which can be used to figure out which parts of the DNA strand it was originally from, which added together gives a map of the entire sequence(Gregory2005). Once gene mapping’s occurred, it can be used to several ways to personalise treatment for the patients. It can be used to further distinguish between various diseases to insure the patient receives the highest quality and most efficient care available. For example, research done at University College London’s found that there are three different locations on the DNA of patients afflicted with the disease Chrons Disease that were found to be coded for by genes(Elding et al.,2011). The three genes have different functions but were all found to be involved with the patient eventually developing Chrons Disease. This allows for further distinction between different types of Chrohns disease, meaning a further personalised course of treatment. This is similar to a result of the genomic profiling of breast cancer tumours. Four distinct types of breast cancer were found by were found by a research team at Cleveland University Hospital, meaning the cells of each subtype can be broken down and studied(University Hospitals Case Medical Center2013). By knowing the molecular underpinnings of a particular kind of breast cancer, the cure rates and, in the advanced disease setting quality of life and length of life can be improved.(University Hospitals Case Medical Center2013). Another way gene mapping can be used to personalise medicine is by the study of pharmacogenetics, the study of the impact of genetic variation and drug responses(Galas Hood2009). This is to customize the drug treatment and dosage to individual patients to get the most efficient and effective treatment possible. It’d mean the treatment could work faster, cheaper, and fail less often, as there’ll be no need to go through multiple treatments until they work(U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Project2003). The use of personalised genetic medicine could save the NHS millions of pounds per year. Just purely with the disease of neonatal diabetes a reduce in cost was found as, $30,437 at 30 years, $12,528 at 10 years, and $23,227 at20 years compared to no genetic testing(Greeley et al.,2011). This is just one disease but putting into account all of the diseases this could be used for, overall millions could be saved for the NHS. Healthcare providers can personalise medicine to have more precise diagnoses, higher quality care, better therapies, and access to more precise patient information. Furthermore the genetic information taken can be added to large databases which can be shared with researchers and scientists worldwide.(The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act2008) They can use this information to take research forward at greater rates and will be beneficial. Ethical concerns Whilst there are many ways gene mapping can be beneficial to the treatment of patients, there are many concerns regarding how the process can be abused to violate the rights of the patients as well as have an overall negative result for the well being of the patient. One concern is how the genetic tests will be evaluated and regulated for accuracy, reliability, and utility.(Haga2009) Whilst the treatments will be tailored to the patients to a certain degree it can never be completely specialized. The human population that this treatment will be used for will still be quite a lot of people instead of just that specific person. This will mean the tests will still have some degree of generalisations made for populations leading to less accuracy and reliability in the treatments. There could be factors leading patients to no longer fit the assumptions such as underlying conditions or lifestyle that could reduce the effectiveness of the treatments. Furthermore whilst the populations will be large enough to have generalisations made, they’ll be small enough to mean less reliable results. The sample size will be small meaning the results could be less accurate as smaller populations would be more unpredictable and less stable. Another concern is whether testing should be performed on patients suffering from incurable diseases. Pharmacogenetic testing could find gene expressions associated with an unknown disease for which no known treatment is known, or a disease that’s known to be incurable(Guttmacher Collins2003). This could lead to the patient being upset about something they’ve no control over and becoming depressed(Guttmacher Collins2003). There’s potential for a large amount of decrease in mental well-being for the patient as well as a decrease in quality of life due to this depression. However, whilst the disease is currently unknown, and no treatment has yet been formulated, it doesnt mean there wont be one found in the future. Despite there being no known treatment, or information at all, for diseases the genetic mapping could be useful in the future once a treatment’s been found. Lastly the process of genetic mapping may be vital in identifying or finding a treatment for the disease. In fact, some people were found to be willing to undergo testing simply to further science, in hopes it’ll benefit their descendants.(G.I.N.A. 2008) Another major concern of the use of gene mapping is how the information gathered will be used and who has access to it. One fear that’s commonly expressed is that the information could be used to harm people, for example, deny them access to health insurance, employment, education, and even loans. The information could be used to discriminate between patients seeking medical insurance by increasing the price of insurance if they’re found to be susceptible to diseases, or completely deny them coverage. Insurers insist that they don’t currently perform genetic tests to obtain information, but the information should become available to them, citing the need to avoid moral hazard- the risk that patients who know they’re susceptible to certain diseases will try and get insurance before they die at normal rates.(Torrey2010) Employers may deny jobs to potential employees or restrict hours they can work if they’re found to be susceptible to diseases. They m ay even go as far as force early retirement on them if the potential for diseases are found whilst they’re already working for them. However the US government’s put in place certain legislations to protect the rights of the people. The Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act (G.I.N.A.) of 2008 is an Act of Congress of the U.S.A. designed to stop the use of genetic information in health insurance and employment(Boston Business Journal2008) The act stops insurers from denying coverage, or charging unfair amounts based solely on information found via genetic testing showing a predisposition to developing the disease in the future(Boston Business Journal2008) The legislation also stops employers from being able to use information found from genetic testing when making decisions to do with the initial hiring of employees, the firing of employees, or any decisions concerning the employees position in the company such as promotions and demotions.(Boston Business Journal2008) The National Human Genome Research Institute(NHGRI) states that NHGRI believes that legislation that gives comprehensive protection against all forms of genetic discrimination is necessary to ensure that biomedical research continues to advance. Similarly, it believes that such legislation is necessary so that patients are comfortable availing themselves to genetic diagnostic tests. (Godfrey2012). Whilst the legislation is slightly overly broad and may lead to an increase in frivolous law suits, it can be made less ambiguous and protect the rights of the people to lessen concerns over the future of the use of genetic mapping to personalise medicine(Godfrey2012). Conclusion However despite these concerns I feel that the government, especially in the USA, is on the right tracks to providing clear legislation that’ll protect the rights of people seeking to have genetic testing done with no repercussions on their lives. The legislations are fairly vague on some points but as the personalisation of medicine becomes more commonplace, a better idea of what the legislation will require can be formed and the legislation can be adjusted accordingly. I conclude that I feel cost benefits as well as the increase on quality of life for patients outweigh any major concerns about the genetic testing and concerns regarding how the information will be used and who has access to it is currently well established and there are currently measures put in place that protect the rights of people that can be adjusted as the use of gene mapping becomes more common. References

Critique of Barbara Huttman’s A Crime of Compassion Essay -- Euthansas

Critique of Barbara Huttman’s â€Å"A Crime of Compassion† Barbara Huttman’s â€Å"A Crime of Compassion† has many warrants yet the thesis is not qualified. This is a story that explains the struggles of being a nurse and having to make split-second decisions, whether they are right or wrong. Barbara was a nurse who was taking care of a cancer patient named Mac. Mac had wasted away to a 60-pound skeleton (95). When he walked into the hospital, he was a macho police officer who believed he could single-handedly protect the whole city (95). His condition worsened every day until it got so bad that he had to be resuscitated two or three times a day. Barbara eventually gave into his wishes to be let go. Do you believe we should have the right to die? In my opinion, if a person is terminally ill and there is no chance of bringing them back then they should have the right to make the choice whether they want to be kept alive or let go. What is the point of sitting in a hospital for the rest of a person’s life if they are not going to be able to do any thing? This claim is supported throughout the entire text through her believes in religion. And every night I prayed that his agonized eyes would never again plead with me to let him die (96). Barbara talked about how she wondered about a spiritual judge, and by this, it shows that religion is an important part in her life. Several times in the text, he begs to be let go so his suffering could be come to an end. Some would ask why we would not have the right to die. How enjoyable could life be when a person must be resuscitated fifty-two times in just one month? Anybody who reads â€Å"A Crime of Compassion† can easily find it very emotional. I believe the pathos plays a very important... ...o get a do not resuscitate order. That is an order that the families may sign so the hospital does not have to give effort to bring a person back to life anymore once they have stopped breathing. Even though Barbara’s intentions in this paper are directly stated, her claims she gives does not back her argument at all. After reading her major claim, which states that we do not have the right to die (97), I feel the complete opposite of what she thinks and I believe a person should have the right to die if there is no chance of them getting better in the future. The author’s grounds explained all of the struggles of keeping a very sick man alive, which I believe gave me some very good evidence to write my counter argument. Works Cited Huttman, Barbara. â€Å"A Crime of Compassion.† The Genre of Argument Ed. Irene Clark. Boston, MA: Christopher Klein, 1998.

Managing Employee Motivation and Performance

INTERNATIONAL BURCH UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT MANAGING EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE RESEARCH PAPER by Nedzad ISAKOVIC Project Supervisor M. A. Edin SMAJIC SARAJEVO April, 2012 Contents 1. Introduction2 1. 1. The Motivation Process2 1. 2. Wath Managers Do In Practice2 2. Motivating by Structuring Jobs to Make Them Interesting3 2. 1. Job Design3 2. 2. Job Enrichment and Job Enlargement3 2. 3. The Job Characteristics Model4 3. Conclusion5 4. References7 1. Introduction Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst, reading a book to gain knowledge or performing some specific job assignment to get pay. Why is the motivation of employees so important at the workplace? It is important for managers because it determines individual performance of the workers along with ability of the workers and work environment . The most challenging factor for manager to control of these three is motivation. Individual behavior is a complex phenomenon, and the manager needs to enter the core of the problem if he is going to solve it. 1. 1. The Motivation ProcessThe motivation process progresses through a series of discrete steps. Content, process, and reinforcement perspectives on motivation address different parts of this process (Griffin, 2008). Content perspective tries to find what factor or factors motivate people. The most popular content theories are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the ERG theory and Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Process perspectives on motivation explore how the motivation process works and how it occurs. They try to find out why people certain behavior options to fulfill their needs and how workers evaluate their satisfactions after their decisions.Theories of process perspectives are expectancy theory, equity theory and the newer attribution theory. The reinforcement perspective tries to find out which factors force employees to continue being motivated. It tells us that employees will repeat the behavior for which they are rewarded, and they won’t repeat behavior for which they are punished. Reinforcement perspective uses positive reinforcement, avoidance, punishment and extinction as tools to keep employees motivated. These are just theories which help managers to determine what to do in practice. 1. 2.What Managers Do In Practice The most shared thought and strategy among managers in practice is that money motivates. Because of that managers use large variety of reward systems such as merit reward systems, incentive reward systems and team reward systems to improve motivation and performance of their employees. Their assumption is correct and employees do actually perform better when they know that they will receive more money for their improved performance. But another question arises: How long will the improved performance last if mo ney is key motivator?The answer is that it won’t last long. The studies have shown that individuals have difficulty recalling the bonus they receive and it does not seem to have the same impact it did within the first few weeks or months of receiving it. That's because money, in and of itself, will not continuously motivate individuals. Employees are motivated much more if money rewards are combined with recognition and with improved job design. Another problem that arises from using the money as a key factor of motivation is that it costs.The companies need to give large amounts of money to employees as bonuses and there were several cases where bonuses are actually larger than annual salaries of some employees. This becomes a real problem if company wants to decrease the amount of bonuses employees receive. Employees become more dissatisfied and unmotivated because they are used to have large bonuses, so their performance falls quite a lot. My opinion is that the best way t o motivate employees to perform better is to design jobs by making them more appealing to people. 1. Motivating by Structuring Jobs to Make Them Interesting 2. 3. Job DesignThis approach of motivation is directed at improving the essential nature of the work performed by changing the design of the job. Job design is concerned with structuring jobs in order to improve organization efficiency and employee job satisfaction (Snell/Bohlander, 2007). Employees today engage in repetitive movements, which they find highly routine and monotonous. Not surprisingly, people became bored with such jobs and their performance falls with time. Fortunately, today’s organizational scientists have found several ways of designing jobs that aren’t just efficient, but are also pleasant and motivating.Job enlargement and job enrichment are two approaches that improve motivation by changing job design. 2. 4. Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment One of the first modern approaches to redesigning jobs suggested that boredom of employees by engaging in highly repetitive jobs could be minimized by having people perform an increased number of different tasks all at the same level. This approach is known as job enlargement (Greenberg/Baron, 2008). Because of this approach employees don’t need higher skills or have higher responsibility, but perform more different actions at the same level.Changing job in this way is an increase in the horizontal job loading. Several studies showed that job enlargement is very useful way to increase employee job satisfaction and employee boredom at the workplace. A more effective approach, job enrichment, gives employees not only more jobs to do, but more tasks to perform at a higher level of skill and responsibility (Greenberg/Baron, 2008). The main idea of job enrichment is making jobs more interesting to people so that they will be more highly motivated to perform them.Job enrichment gives employees the opportunity to take greater contr ol over how to do their jobs. Because people performing enriched jobs work at higher levels than others, this approach increases a job’s vertical job loading. Even the job enrichment is successful it has some problems in implementation. First one is difficulty of implementation because it is expensive to redesign existing facilities. Second problem is lack of employee acceptance because not all employees are ready to accept the changes in their job accomplishment and higher obligations for the work they perform. 2. 5. The Job Characteristics ModelIn previous text I stated that employers should enrich the jobs, but I failed to specify precise what elements of a job need to be enriched for it to be effective. Job characteristics model answers this question. It assumes that jobs can be designed so as to help people get enjoyment out of their jobs and care about the work they do (Greenberg/Baron, 2008). It tells us how jobs can be redesigned to help employees feel that they are d oing meaningful and valuable work. The model specifies that enriching certain elements of jobs influences employee’s psychological states in a manner that increases their work effectiveness.It identifies five core job dimensions that help create three critical psychological states, leading to several beneficial personal and work outcomes. The five critical job dimensions are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. Skill variety shows us how many different tasks the employee performs using several of his skills and talents. Task identity shows us how much is employee involved in one piece of work, from beginning to end. Task significance shows us how much impact employee’s work has on others.Autonomy shows us how much freedom employees have in planning and performing jobs as they wish. Feedback shows us how much the job allows employees to know is their performance efficient enough. The model tells that these various job dimensions have important effects on many critical psychological states. Combination of these job dimensions have effect on experienced meaningfulness of the job performed, which is then experienced as highly important, valuable and worthwhile. Job dimensions also determine how much employees are personally responsible and accountable for their work.When they are free to decide what to do and how to do it they feel more responsible for their work. Finally, these job dimensions impact employee’s knowledge of the results of their work. When a job is designed to provide employees with information about the effects of their actions, they better understand how effective they are – and such knowledge improves their effectiveness. These critical psychological states affect personal and work outcomes such as: feelings of motivation, the quality of work performed, satisfaction with work, absenteeism and turnover.The higher these psychological states are, the more positive the personal and work benefits and outcomes will be. The job characteristics model is highly applicable and it has high and positive results. The employees that respond best to this model are the ones which have high need for personal growth and development. The model has been focus of many empirical tests, most of which are supportive of many aspects of the model. One study conducted among a group of South African clerical workers found particularly strong support for the job characteristic model (Greenberg/Baron, 2008). . Conclusion In my opinion altering employee motivation by changing job design is much more productive and better than improving motivation by incentive reward systems. It is true that inducing motivation by changing job design has several problems, such as difficulty of implementation and lack of employee acceptance, but these problems are easier to overcome than problems that occur when companies use money to motivate their employees. Incentive reward systems have problems beside the incredibly high costs to organization.These systems may lead to lower job satisfaction as the employees work until they reach their limit and then they become unhappy. They can also create competition within the organization and destroy cooperation among employees. Employees cannot be treated just as machines and the money they receive for their work just isn’t enough to satisfy them. They need recognition for their work and they need to see that the work they do is meaningful and worthwhile, and this is the thing that job design allows them to have. They feel respected and fulfilled and, at the end, motivated to perform the best they know. . References Ricky W. Griffin (2008). Management (9th Edition ed. ). Houghton Mifflin Company. Jerald Greenberg ; Robert A. Baron (2008). Behavior in Organizations (9th Edition ed. ). Pearson Prentice Hall. Luis R. Gomez-Mejia ; David B. Balkin ; Robert L. Cardy (2007). Managing Human Resources (5th Edition ed. ). Pearson Prentice Hall . Scott Snell ; George Bohlander (2007). Human Resorce Management. Thomson. http://psychology. about. com/od/mindex/g/motivation-definition. htm , http://www. entrepreneur. com/article/202352

Free Essays on Poe

Many authors have made great contributions to the world of literature. Mark Twain introduced Americans to life on the Mississippi. Thomas Hardy wrote on his pessimistic views of the Victorian Age. Another author that influenced literature is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe is known as the father of the American short story and father of the detective story. To understand the literary contributions of Edgar Allan Poe, one must look at his early life, his literary life, and a summary of his famous works. "Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston'' (Inglis 505) "on January 19, 1809'' (Asselineau 409). He was born to a southern family that were in a traveling company of actors (Inglis 505). His father, David Poe, was from a Baltimore family. He was an actor by profession and a heavy drinker. Soon after Edgar Allan Poe was born, he left his family. Poe's mother, Elizabeth Arnold Poe, was a widow at the age of eighteen. Two years after his birth, she died of tuberculosis (Asselineau 409). When his mother d ied, Poe was adopted by John Allan (Perry XI) at the urging of Mr. Allan's wife. In 1815, John Allan moved his family to England. While there, Poe was sent to private schools (Asselineau 410). In the spring of 1826, Poe entered the University of Virginia. There he studied Spanish, French, Italian, and Latin. He had an excellent scholastic record. He got into difficulties almost at once. Mr. Allan did not provide him with the money to pay for his fees and other necessities. Poe was confused and homesick. He learned to play cards and started drinking. Soon he was in debt in excess of two thousand dollars. Poe discovered that he could not depend upon Allan for financial support. His foster father refused to pay his debts, and Poe had to withdraw from the University (Asselineau 410). In May of 1827, Poe enlisted in the army as a common soldier. He did this under the name of Edgar A. Perry. He was stationed on Sullivan's Island in Charleston Harbor for over a yea... Free Essays on Poe Free Essays on Poe Edgar Allan Poe era un predominio y una figura altamente influyente en literatura del mundo. Mucho del notability de Poe se basa en sus historias cortas ingeniosas y profundas, poemas, y teorà ­as crà ­ticas. La manera innovadora que à ©l escribià ³ establecià ³ un pretense de cà ³mo la forma corta en poesà ­a y la ficcià ³n debe ser, que es una razà ³n ella mira Poe en historias literarias y manuales como el arquitecto de la historia corta moderna. Era el genio particular de Poe que en su trabajo à ©l dio a forma artà ­stica consumada a sus obsesiones personales y a las de generaciones literarias anteriores, en el mismo tiempo que creaba las nuevas formas que proporcionaron medios de la expresià ³n para los artistas futuros. Edgar Allan Poe fue llevado a los padres pobres del agente. Su padre David era agente medio y un bebedor pesado que abandonà ³ a su hijo y esposa y desaparecido por siempre. Dijeron su madre Elizabeth, por otra parte, para haber sido actriz carismtica y talentosa. Elizabeth murià ³ de tuberculosis en diciembre de 1811. Edgar Poe no era absolutamente tres, sino recordà ³ siempre su sangre el vomitar de la madre y siendo llevado de à ©l por siempre por los hombres siniestros vestidos en negro. Era su muerte repentina que fue dicha para haber combado Poe para el resto de su vida. Despuà ©s de la muerte de su madre Poe fue tomado en el hogar de Juan y de Frances Allan - por lo tanto su nombre medio. En Poe 1834 traà ­do su tà ­a seà ±ora Clemm y su hija Virginia a vivir con à ©l y en 1836 à ©l casà ³ a su primo joven. Era durante este tiempo que una produccià ³n extrema de la literatura vino de Poe. Él escribià ³ historias y muchas revisiones poderosas y de reducciones radicales, emprendiendo guerra en mediocrity e intentando hacer cumplir altos estndares literarios. Desafortunadamente sus esfuerzos fueron perdidos a menudo en trabajos algo insignificantes. Despuà ©s de seis aà ±os de la unià ³n Virginia tenà ­a f... Free Essays on Poe In Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart," the author combines vivid symbolism with subtle irony. Although the story runs only four pages, within those few pages many examples of symbolism and irony abound. In short, the symbolism and irony lead to an enormously improved story as compared to a story with the same plot but with these two elements missing. "The Tell-Tale Heart" consists of a monologue in which the murderer of an old man protests his insanity rather than his guilt: "You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded . . ." (Poe 121). By the narrator insisting so emphatically that he is sane, the reader is assured that he is indeed deranged. E. Arthur Robinson feels that by using this irony the narrator creates a feeling of hysteria, and the turmoil resulting from this hysteria is what places "The Tell-Tale Heart" in the list of the greatest horror stories of all time (94). Julian Symons suggests that the murder of the old man is motiveless, and unconnected with passion or profit (212). But in a deeper sense, the murder does have a purpose: to ensure that the narrator does not have to endure the haunting of the Evil Eye any longer. To a madman, this is as good of a reason as any; in the mind of a madman, reason does not always win out over emotion. Edward H. Davidson insists that emotion had a large part to play in the crime, suggesting that the narrator suffers and commits a crime because of an excess of emotion over intelligence (203). Poe relates how the narrator believes the validity of the previous statement: ". . . very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease has sharpened my sensesnot destroyednot dulled them . . ." (121). The disease in this case is obviously a severe case of emotions, nervousness among them. Thus, even in the story the narrator realizes that he is overcome by emotions, a... Free Essays on Poe By telling the story of a perfectly sane man driven mad by his own fear and sense of terror, Poe establishes a very important point that one’s fear is determined by one’s reaction to a situation. In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story "The Fall of the House of Usher," the narrator starts out as a sane person, but, after living with his mentally disturbed and depressed childhood friend, Roderick Usher, the narrator begins to go mad and finally loses his mind to his own personal fears. After being with Roderick for a short time, the narrator learns many details about Roderick’s personal life, including his fascination with death and the supernatural and his close relationship with his dying sister, Madeline. After Madeline’s death, the narrator begins to lose his mind in the same way as Roderick, and his fears are visually manifested when he sees an image of Madeline still alive even after she is locked in a temporary tomb. First of all, one can see tha t the narrator is, for the most part, sane at the beginning of the story. When he first sees the decaying and crumbling House of Usher, he begins to feel "...an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime" (Poe 1). While these feelings strike fear in his heart, the narrator is able to reassure himself that "...there are certain combinations of very simple natural objects which have the power of thus affecting us† (Poe 1). He thinks about how "...a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the scene, of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to modify or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful impression...† (Poe 1). Also, when Roderick throws open the shutters to the narrator’s room and shows him the strange glow surrounding the house, the narrator tries to explain it logically by reassuring Roderick that "These appearance s, which be... Free Essays on Poe Many authors have made great contributions to the world of literature. Mark Twain introduced Americans to life on the Mississippi. Thomas Hardy wrote on his pessimistic views of the Victorian Age. Another author that influenced literature is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe is known as the father of the American short story and father of the detective story. To understand the literary contributions of Edgar Allan Poe, one must look at his early life, his literary life, and a summary of his famous works. "Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston'' (Inglis 505) "on January 19, 1809'' (Asselineau 409). He was born to a southern family that were in a traveling company of actors (Inglis 505). His father, David Poe, was from a Baltimore family. He was an actor by profession and a heavy drinker. Soon after Edgar Allan Poe was born, he left his family. Poe's mother, Elizabeth Arnold Poe, was a widow at the age of eighteen. Two years after his birth, she died of tuberculosis (Asselineau 409). When his mother d ied, Poe was adopted by John Allan (Perry XI) at the urging of Mr. Allan's wife. In 1815, John Allan moved his family to England. While there, Poe was sent to private schools (Asselineau 410). In the spring of 1826, Poe entered the University of Virginia. There he studied Spanish, French, Italian, and Latin. He had an excellent scholastic record. He got into difficulties almost at once. Mr. Allan did not provide him with the money to pay for his fees and other necessities. Poe was confused and homesick. He learned to play cards and started drinking. Soon he was in debt in excess of two thousand dollars. Poe discovered that he could not depend upon Allan for financial support. His foster father refused to pay his debts, and Poe had to withdraw from the University (Asselineau 410). In May of 1827, Poe enlisted in the army as a common soldier. He did this under the name of Edgar A. Perry. He was stationed on Sullivan's Island in Charleston Harbor for over a yea...