Criminology Criminology s The Future - 1959 Words

Criminology in The Future By Adrian Gallardo CJS 231 Professor Christopher Bough January 18, 2016 Criminology in the Future Introduction Crime in the early ages was fought by very little resources because the technology was not as advance as it is now. In the early years police officer did not even have vehicles they had foot patrol then they moved on to motorcycles then to vehicles known as radio vehicles. Our criminal justice system is not stopping here they plan on making sure we have all the necessary tools to keep fighting crime and moving forward together to make this place a safer community to live in. The only reason we may not see a progress in the future of criminology is because at time†¦show more content†¦Some of the things included in the patriot act was to be able to tap phones better, sharing intelligence documents, knowing what was going on in the internet, and the most important was to know who came into our borders. Biometrics played a part in the screening process because it allowed us to help identify the terrorist. The military was given drones devices that could be used as surveillance so they knew when the attacks were coming before it happened. Law enforcement also has been given tools like robots that make an entrance into a residence before the actual police officers enter into the building to prevent them from getting killed. Theses are all technologies that have been advanced and will become strong in the future because the government is giving the criminal justice officials more tools than ever given before. Our local law enforcement has been trained for the unexpected things because of the tragic events this Country has been through. Before they did not have lap top in their vehicles, devices like GPS or even a black box that could track the miles per hour they where traveling at the time of an accident or even if the officer or agents were wearing a set belt. The black box inside of a police officers vehicle can save their life because if the officer is involved in a shooting and he does not know where he

Essay on Capital Punishment - 863 Words

Capital Punishment Capital punishment is the lawful infliction of the death penalty, and since ancient times, it has been used to punish a large variety of offenses. The penalty of death is reserved for the most serious and detested crimes. The legal system must sentence the death penalty to capital crime offenders. Criminals convicted of murder or rape need to be executed because they are dangerous to the world and the human race. However, America seems to to always want to put people in prison for life, but how is that fair to the criminals who did not commit such a horrible crime, but still gets the same punishment? The death penalty should be used more often, but is the death penalty the answer to crime? The death penalty is not†¦show more content†¦However, according to Stephen Nathanson, people would rather die than spend the rest of their lives in prison (Whittier 14). Despite these facts, capital punishment should still be enforced on more criminals. The death penalty was used in Bibli cal times for crimes such as kidnapping and witchcraft. Today most countries still use capital punishment for many crimes and with varying frequency. To stop the crime rate from rising, the United States must stop being soft-headed sentimentalists when it comes to penalizing offenders. The murder rate has risen to an enormous figure, and many of the offenders never get punished as the law says they shall be. The United States legal system must start treating criminals like criminals and not like family. We need to start getting tough with criminals. Letting the inmates have seven years on death row trying to change their sentence is crazy. If we would execute them within three years of their conviction, crime would slow down. Another area of concern is that administering capital punishment is inhumane, But that perception needs to change. The most common method of inflicting the death penalty is lethal injection which is when they take the convicted person to a room, strap them down and inject them with poisonous drugs. Electrocution is another common method. Florida, for instance uses Old Sparky, the electric chair (Mauro 17). Florida is the only state that still usesShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Enabling various Free Essays

It has brought people closer together by enabling various forms f interpersonal communication, notably e-mail, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social networking. And it has allowed consumers to purchase virtually anything at any time, while providing producers with direct access to a wide range of markets. Furthermore, the Internet Is a bustling industry, spurred by entrepreneurship and supported by a variety of Industries and large enterprises. We will write a custom essay sample on Enabling various or any similar topic only for you Order Now Online productivity tools and communications advancements provide benefits to almost all enterprises and governments. The Internet has helped governments to broaden their services to citizens and improve their delivery. In a very short period, it has become difficult for most of us to imagine a world without instant and continuous access to the Internet. Series in which we examined the Internet’s impact on a group of developing countries that have both the scale and the dynamism to become significant players on the global stage in the near future (see Online and upcoming: The Internet’s impact on aspiring countries, McKinney Company, January 2012). It also builds on our earlier assessment of the impact of the Internet on the advanced economies and several large developing economies, such as China, Brazil, Russia and India (see McKinney Global Institute, Internet matters: The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, Jobs, and prosperity, May 2011). As an ongoing body of work, our view of the Internet’s impact on India is evolving. The insights and conclusions presented in this report are refinements of our earlier multi-country work, based on an in-depth assessment of India-specific data and multiple expert interviews in India. As data sources improve and the body of knowledge relating to the Internet expands in India, we look forward to continue to evolve our perspectives. Our research focuses on the way the Internet affects Indian’s economy currently, and TTS potential to do so in future. In our attempt to understand the impact of the Internet, we focus on how economic growth and prosperity have been affected; we also seek to discover how individuals, entrepreneurs, enterprises, and public sector entities have been transformed. In addition to assessing the Internet landscape and its impact on the various groups of participants, we examine the potential for India to utilize the particular strengths of its economy to enable businesses and individuals to derive greater benefits from the Internet. We do not offer prescriptive policies, but Ochs on opportunities and possibilities for India to accelerate its efforts to capture the Internet’s benefits. This is an independent McKinney Company report that draws on various sources: research from Muckiness’s Technology, Media, and Telecoms Practice; information from academic and public sources; research conducted with Google; and work from the McKinney Global Institute (MGM’), the business and economics research arm of McKinney Company. Without the contributions of the academics and researchers who are cited throughout the report, our effort would not have been possible. To understand the trends in Internet activity in India versus other countries, we relied on several analytical approaches: (1) we constructed macroeconomic analyses for India, taking into account data related to Internet expenditure, Internet usage, the infrastructure, and various other environmental enablers of the Internet; (2) we conducted microanalyses of various Internet ecosystem participants and user groups, using publicly available data and interviews with company chief technology officers (Cots); (3) we surveyed about 550 small and medium-sized enterprises (Seems) in India; (4) we utilized data from Muckiness’s proprietary Digital Consumer surveys in India in 2010 and 2012; (5) we constructed a forward-looking view on the potential size of the Internet user base in India; and (6) we conducted thought experiments to behavior could shape the Internet landscape. To test our conclusions, we interviewed industry experts in India and asked academics to review our findings. As a result, we are confident that the findings are directionally robust, despite the challenges of limited data availability. However, there is a clear need to conduct further research ND analysis on the basis of enriched sets of data, given the growing importance of the Internet and its transformational impact. The project was led by Chanced Misbranding, a McKinney principal in Bangor, and Ann. Mammogram, a senior fellow at MGM’ in Iambi, along with Noshing Kaka, managing director of McKinney in India, James Monika, a McKinney and MGM’ director in San Francisco, Michael Chug, a senior fellow at MGM’ in San Francisco and Jacques Bugging, a McKinney director in Brussels. Malcolm Gomes managed the project team of Chums Gain, Million Speaker, and Emmanuel Thomas. We are grateful for the review, challenge and advice provided by our academic advisers for this research: we thank Martin N. Bally, the Bernard L. Schwartz Chair in Economic Policy Development at the Brooking Institution, and Rakes Moan, professor in the Practice of International Economics of Finance, School of Management, Yale University. We are also grateful for the insights of Raja Amanda, Betsy Massively, and Armament Sings at Google. The authors would like to acknowledge Muckiness’s researchers who made significant contributions to the fact base: Shirr Guppy from MGM’ Economics and Durum Vary from Muckiness research and information network. Finally, we offer special thanks to the industry experts we interviewed during this project. For their perspectives on the evolution of the Internet landscape in India we thank Sunnis Abraham, Director of the Centre for Internet and Society; Raja Katharine, Director and Chief Executive of ‘CRIER; Some Imitate, President of MASCOT; and Sub Ray, President of the Internet Mobile Association of India. For their insights into the Internet-related investments of their enterprises and the prospects for Internet innovation in India, we thank the many Cots and technology company executives we interviewed. All references to specific companies in this report come from public sources. Our aspiration is to provide facts and analyses to better understand some of the most important trends that are shaping the Internet in India. We hope our findings will enrich the dialogue about the ways that businesses, policy makers, and innovators can accelerate Indian’s Internet transformation. Principal, McKinney Company Bangor Senior Fellow, McKinney Global Institute Iambi Managing Director, India, McKinney Company Director, McKinney Company, and Director, McKinney Global Institute San Francisco San Francisco Jacques Bugging Director, McKinney Company Brussels 1 billion Internet users in 30 aspiring countries? half of the global tally of Internet users 120 million Internet users in India: the third largest user base in the world Across seven aspiring countries the average number of Internet users for every 100 people is 3410 compared to in India The average number of fixed broadband subscribers for every 100 people across the seven aspiring countries is 7 1 Our illustrative subset of seven of the â€Å"aspiring† countries, I. E. , Argentina, Brazil, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Africa, and Vietnam. 1. % average contribution of the Internet to GAP across all aspiring countries, versus in developed countries 3. 4% contribution of the Internet to Indian’s GAP, amounting to $30 billion $12 billion average estimated consumer surplus associated with Internet usage across the seven aspiring countries, versus $9 billion Average international bandwidth capacity for every 10,000 people across the seven aspiring 28 Mbps 6 Mbps Contents Executive summary Indian’s Internet landscape Economic impact of the Internet 18 Indian’s Internet ecosystem 25 Impact on principal user groups 29 A vision for broad-based Internet inclusion Appendix: Methodology and approaches Bibliography 53 The Internet today connects more than two billion people worldwide. The Internet already has immense impact on the global economy, contributing an estimated $1. 7 trillion, or Just under 3 percent, of global GAP in 2010. 1 Yet half the number of Internet users lives outside the advanced economies, often in countries that are quickly developing, have significant economic potential and are socially and culturally diverse. India has about 120 million people online today and offers a striking example of the Internet’s growth potential. India is adopting the Internet at a much more rapid pace than advanced economies and even many developing economies, yet 90 percent of its population is currently not connected. This report assesses the impact of the Internet on Indian’s economy, estimating its impact on GAP. Looking beyond that, we measure the Internet’s broader impact in terms of consumer surplus and the development of Internet ecosystems. We also look at the ways in which various participants have benefited from the Internet already. We measure Indian’s environment for e-commerce and entrepreneurship, and we analyze in detail the impact of the Internet on its small and medium-sized enterprises (Seems). Finally, we assess the potential for the future impact of the Internet and what it would take for India to bring this potential into being. As a basis for comparison, we use a set of 57 middle-income developing nations, and some populous but less-developed nations; these collectively constitute 91 percent of world GAP. Thirty of these countries are what we call â€Å"aspiring countries,† defined as having the scale and dynamism to fuel economic performance in the global economy while driving significant domestic Roth and offering prosperity to their own citizens. These aspiring countries have a collective GAP of $19 trillion, or 30 percent of global GAP. We focus our comparisons with India more closely on an illustrative subset of seven of the aspiring countries: Argentina, Brazil, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Africa and Vietnam. Of the set of more than 20 developed countries in our database, we focus our comparisons on five: Germany, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Our report offers seven key findings concerning the impact of and outlook for the Internet in India: 1. Indian’s base of about 120 million Internet users is currently the third-largest in the world. Though Indian’s users spend less time online per capita than users in developed countries, their pattern of online behavior is rapidly converging. The Internet’s role in communication, social networking, and informing and influencing Indian’s consumers in categories such as apparel, books, financial services, and travel is already comparable with that of developed countries. 2. India is likely to have the second-largest user base in the world, and the largest in arms of incremental growth, with 330 million to 370 million Internet users in 2015. Given current downward trends in the costs of Internet access and mobile devices, India is on the verge of an Internet boom. In an evolution pattern unique to India, users who access the Internet only through a mobile or tablet device will constitute around 75 percent of new users and 55 percent of the aggregate user base in 201 5, leading to increasing demand for content that is optimized for a small screen. . India has the potential to double its economic contribution from the Internet in the ext three years, from 1. 6 percent of GAP at present to 2. 8 to 3. 3 percent by 2015. Despite the large current base of users, the Internet currently contributes a modest 1. 6 percent to Indian’s GAP, in line with 1 For a detailed account of the Internet’s contribution to GAP in several developed and aspiring cou ntries, see Internet matters: The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, Jobs, and prosperity, McKinney Global Institute, May 2011. Most aspiring countries. This could grow to 2. 8 to 3. 3 percent by 201 5 if India achieves its potential for growth in the number of Internet users and Internet genealogy-related consumption and investment over this period, increasing the Internet’s contribution to GAP from $30 billion today to nearly $100 billion in 2015. This would make the Internet-related economy larger than the education sector and as large as the health care sector, in terms of share of GAP at present. Currently, Indian’s information and communication technology (ACT) exports are the most significant component of the Internet’s impact on GAP. But private consumption, 4. The impact of the Internet in India is constrained by current gaps and obstacles in the Internet ecosystem. While India scores well on the availability of human and financial capital, it rates poorly on Internet infrastructure, Internet engagement, the e-commerce platform, the ease of Internet entrepreneurship, and the impact of e-governance. On most indicators of the strength of the Internet ecosystem, India ranks in the bottom quartile of our comparison set of 57 countries. 5. Although the Internet ecosystem is becoming more vibrant, the benefits have been relatively concentrated. Indian’s Internet start-ups are scaling up through creative adaptations to overcome infrastructural and systemic bottlenecks. Yet, while large enterprises have gained from their early adoption of the Internet, there is scope among individual consumers, Seems and the government sector to significantly increase engagement. Today, Indian’s measurable consumer surplus from the Internet is estimated at $9 per user per month, at the low end of the range for aspiring countries ($9 to $26) and well below the range for developed countries ($18 to $28). Even by 201 5, with overall Internet penetration likely to reach 28 percent, rural penetration is likely to be Just 9 percent. 6. India can achieve broad-based Internet impact by aiming for the digital inclusion of nearly 40 percent of its population, to reach a user base of 500 million by 2015, rather than the likely target of 330 million to 370 million. Most of the additional 150 million to 160 million users would be individuals and small businesses in semi-urban and rural parts of the country. Extending Internet access to these segments of the population, and promoting the usage of many more online services, would enable India to derive much more of the intended benefits from government programs of inclusive growth in employment, education, health care, nutrition, and financial services. Concerted actions by policy makers and businesses in five areas can help India achieve an inclusive Internet transformation: reduce the cost of Internet access across devices, content and applications; increase access to low-cost, high-speed connectivity in rural and semi-urban India beyond the top cities; promote widespread digital literacy through the introduction of devices and content tailored to the local context; devise Internet applications in new areas such as agriculture, health care, education, energy, utilities, and public information; a nd create a more favorable business environment for Internet entrepreneurs to support rapid innovation. 1. Indian’s base of about 120 million Internet users is currently the third-largest in the world, and the pattern of online behavior is rapidly converging with that of users in more developed countries Indian’s large economy, with its young and increasingly urbanize consumer base, offers strong growth potential for Internet usage. Weak infrastructure has kept Indian’s Internet penetration low; at 10 percent, it is much lower than the average of 40 percent across aspiring countries. Even so, with about 120 million people online in 2011, India is the third-largest Internet user base in the oral. Internet users in India spend 20 to 25 hours online per month, about the same as their counterparts in Latin America, but only a quarter of the amount spent by those in Asia Pacific countries such as China and Malaysia. However, the time spent on the Internet per user in India rose 24 percent from 2010 to 2012; more online transactions and entertainment, grew more rapidly than reading and browsing. The share of Indian digital consumers who use online media for search, awareness, and research to purchase products is already high across multiple categories: in apparel (26 percent), travel (51 percent), books (36 percent), and uncial services (30 percent), the proportions are comparable with those in Germany, Japan and the United States. 2. India is on the verge of an Internet boom with a projected user base of 330 million to 370 million by 201 5, which will be the second largest in the world, and the largest in terms of incremental growth Indian’s current Internet user base of about 120 million is likely to nearly treble by 201 5, and will thereby account for approximately 12 percent of the global total (Exhibit El). The projected growth in Indian’s Internet users, an additional 230 million or so between 2011 and 2015, is likely to be the sights incremental growth in the world. In recent years, Indian’s rate of growth of Internet users has been faster than that of many aspiring countries?for example, Malaysia’s Internet user base grew 1. 8 times from 2005 to 2011, and South Africans grew 1. 9 times, while Indian’s grew more than 5 times. Indian’s Internet revolution is being shaped by telecoms players’ strategies to reduce cost of access. Smartened costs are falling rapidly as players achieve scale economies, while the proliferation of G/G services in India is likely to reduce connectivity costs and overcome the challenge of limited fixed-line connections. As a result, nearly 75 percent of new users and more than half of Indian’s base of Internet users in 2015 is likely to be mobile-only subscribers who will use Internet-enabled devices. By contrast, mobile-only users are likely to constitute a mere 10 to 15 percent of the market in Indian’s regional counterparts, China and Malaysia. Indian’s Internet market is therefore likely to require a unique approach to content and application design. Mobile-based users will demand limited textual content and more audio-visual content because of the small screen size of their devices. Furthermore, it will become essential for entrepreneurs and innovators to make their applications or services compatible for users with a basic mobile device, in order to target those in the rural population who might not be able to afford a sophisticated smartened. How to cite Enabling various, Papers

Addiction to Drugs

Question: Discuss the causes of drug addiction, solutions for drug addiction, treatment of drug addiction. Answer: Introduction: Drug Addiction has become one of the serious problems that are cropping up in todays world. These days drugs are been freely used and this has become an international problem. Today every country is not secured from the hazards of drug abuse. Mostly it is noticed that the younger generation fall in this trap and gets addicted. In India, the number of drug intake is increasing day by day at an alarming rate. The urban centers are mostly found abused with drug addicts. Causes of Drug Addiction: There are various causes which leads to drug addiction among youths and others. Social excommunication, desire for pleasure, curiosities, mental gap, spiritual speech, lack of self reliance can be clubbed as some of the reasons of the youth becoming a drug addict. It is the youth that we will depend on for the future so it is imperative to see such huge victims of drug addiction. It is always the psychological and emotional environment of an individual that is socially responsible for causing drug addiction among the youth. If they are ensured with proper love and care then such floating situations will not arise (Drug free therapy makes addicts forget addiction, 2012). Solutions for Drug Addiction: There is a necessity to generate social awareness and consciousness through proper educational system about the dangerous hazards related to drug addiction. Rehabilitation has become a major problem for the young drug addicts. The persons who can overcome from the side effects of taking drugs can also tutor the other young drug addicts too. It is necessary to form a healthy environment where all the needs of the youth can be reframed and put together so that people dont fall into such a hazardous trap of taking drugs as a necessity (Diabetes drug could treat illicit drug addiction, 2012). It is also necessary to check the production of opium and other drugs and bring them under vigilance. Treatment of Drug Addiction: Various medical processes can be initiated and can be used for the treatment of drugs. There are several side effects and symptoms that can be seen as a part of physical troubles faced by the individual. By the method of detoxification and if he is properly treated then the individual regains back his normalcy gradually. Even the members of the family needs to be well behaved with him when the patient will be under treatment. There must be cooperation from his friends and society as well so that he does not feel detached from his own environment (The social value of drug addicts: uses of the useless, 2014). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that drug addiction is posing a serious threat to the world as a whole. Therefore it is the sole responsibility of the individuals living in the country to make it a drug free society to live in. It is also adhered that the government must play a major role to systematically approve the methods of drug abuse and spread it all over so that people are aware about the disadvantages of taking drugs. References Diabetes drug could treat illicit drug addiction. (2012).Springer Healthcare News, 1(1). Drug free therapy makes addicts forget addiction. (2012).New Scientist, 214(2861), p.17. Islam, (2012). Improved treatment of nicotine addiction and emerging pulmonary drug delivery.Drug Discov Ther. The social value of drug addicts: uses of the useless. (2014).Choice Reviews Online, 51(11), pp.51-6473-51-6473.